“Phoca Sibirica” (on-line), Animal Diversity Web. Adult Baikal seals measure 1.2-1.4m in length and weigh 63-70kg, the males slightly larger than the females. [4] The twins often stick together for some time after being weaned. ... As of 2006, commercial icebreaker routes have passed through areas with high Caspian seal pup concentrations, which may contribute to loss of habitat. Earth Island Institute. The females gave birth to young on the ice a few weeks ago. Almost any unprofessional hunter can currently buy a licence for 100 rubles and start hunting Baikal seals. Population number. Alexy, 45, said: ‘For the seals, I came on foot. [1] At present, the species is not considered threatened. These figures do not include seals that are wounded by hunters and which will eventually die, estimates of this "struck and lost" figure ranging as high in some cases as three seals wounded for each one killed. [1] During this time, the pups can increase their birth weight five-fold. When the ice begins to melt, Baikal seals tend to keep to the shoreline. Harrold, A. They Can Eat A Lot of Seafood. Baikal seals eat more than half of the annual produced biomass of golomyanka, some 64,000 tons. [1] Baikal seals have two litres more blood than any other seal of their size and can stay underwater for up to 70 minutes if they are frightened or need to escape danger. [4][9] The remaining food sources for this seal are various other fish species, especially Cottocomephorus (about 7% of the diet during the winter and spring) and Kessler's sculpin (about 0.3% of the diet in the winter and spring), but it may also take some invertebrates such as Epischura baikalensis, gammarids and molluscs. [4] A total of 29 fish species have been recorded in the diet. [5], Baikal seals have one unusual foraging habit. Adult Baikal seals measure 1.2-1.4m in length and weigh 63-70kg, the males slightly larger than the females. [2], The most recent population estimates are 80,000 to 100,000 animals, roughly equaling the expected carrying capacity of the lake. [3] The males and females are not strongly sexually dimorphic. [1], In the last century, the kill quota for hunting Baikal seals was raised several times, most notably after the fur industry boomed in the late 1970s and when official counts began indicating more Baikal seals were present than previously known. Pups normally measure about 65cm in length and weigh about 4kg at birth. “The Lake Baikal Seal: Already Endangered” (on-line), Baikal Watch. Photographer Alexy Trofimov snapped the charming pictures of … The divergence time from the common stem of its ancestors is about 20 ky. Pups normally measure about 65cm in length and weigh about 4kg at birth. 2002. [1] The seal pups are typically hidden in a den, but can fall prey to smaller land predators such as the red fox, the sable and the white-tailed eagle.[4]. [3] In winter, when the lake is frozen over, seals maintain a few breathing holes over a given area and tend to remain nearby, not interfering with the food supplies of nearby seals. Baikal seal - Nerpa pup Nerpa seal is a big animal, it grows about 120-150 cm long and can weigh as much as 100-120 kg; it has a long life span. [1] This means that they are not currently threatened or endangered. In 2000, Greenpeace performed its own count and found an estimated 55,000 to 65,000 seals. The photos were taken from different distances, I managed to get fairly close to the pups. The crustaceans they hunt at night have a diel migration, so they come up into shallower waters during the night, and swim to deeper waters during the day to escape predators. At present, Baikal seals show lower levels of contaminants than seals of Europe and North America, but higher than those in the Arctic. Female Baikal seals reach sexual maturity at 3–6 years of age, whereas males achieve it around 4–7 years. Baikal seals mate in the water towards the end of the pupping season. Pups as young as two days old then further expand this den by digging a maze of tunnels around the den. The survey carried out in 2000 also concluded that the mortality rate among seal pups had risen two to threefold and that the seal population was rapidly ageing, resulting in a drastic decline in the number of seals capable of reproduction. Baikal seals maintain breathing and haulout holes in the ice, adults usually maintaining one main hole and several auxiliary holes, juveniles usually only a solitary hole. [1] In 2012–2013, it was estimated that 2,300–2,800 were hunted per year (combined legal hunting and poaching). [5] During the spring and summer, groups as large as 500 can form on the ice floes and shores of Lake Baikal. Pups weigh 3–3.5 kg at birth and are approximately 70 cm long; their lanugo is grayish-white. The dental formula is I 3/2, C 1/1, PC 5/5. The lake covers an area about the size of Belgium. Baikal seals are silvery gray in … While moulting, they refrain from eating and enter a lethargic state, during which time they often die of overheating, males especially, from lying on the ice too long in the sun. The Baikal seal is the only freshwater seal species, and is endemic to Lake Baikal of Siberia. Baikal seal pups protest against environmental pollution and killing seals and over endemic kinds/ Frame/ Baikal seal pups protest against environmental pollution and killing seals and over endemic kinds. Loss of shoreline habitat due to commercial development is also threatening the population, as is the disturbance of seals during their on-shore moult in mild years. Hunting of Baikal seals is still carried out in the spring, the official annual kill for 2000 being 3,500 seals, mostly pups, a reduction from the 1999 quota of 6,000 seals. [1] They have coats of white, silky, natal fur. In 2000 a number of dead seals were found on the Ushkany Islands, the species' last remaining constant haul-out site in the northeastern part of the Lake. In 1994, the Russian government estimated that they numbered 104,000. [1], The most serious future threat to the survival of the seal may be global warming, which has the potential to seriously affect a closed cold-water ecosystem such as that of Lake Baikal. Baikal seals are uniformly dark silver gray dorsally and light yellowish gray ventrally (Fig. The Baikal seal, Lake Baikal seal or nerpa (Pusa sibirica), is a species of earless seal endemic to Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia. Baikal seals can live to over 50 years old, exceptionally old for a seal,[5] although the females are presumed to be fertile only until they are around 30.[8]. They are solitary animals for the majority of the year, sometimes living kilometres away from other Baikal seals. Photographer Alexy Trofimov snapped the charming pictures of the seal while on an expedition to Lake Baikal in Russia. The areas of the lake in which the Baikal seals reside change depending on the season, as well as other environmental factors. [3] Canine distemper is still present in the Baikal seal population, but has not caused mass deaths since the earlier outbreaks. Alexy, 45, said: “The photos were taken from different distances, I managed to get fairly close to the pups. Every year in the late winter and spring, both sexes haul themselves out and begin to moult their coat from the previous year, which is replaced with new fur. Pusa sibirica is the only seal that lives primarily in freshwater. This is probably the most heartwarming video you will watch today: a couple of Russian meteorologists & their dog taking care of an abandoned little seal pup so it … While the male hunts, the female will dig a large den for their pups to huddle in. The Baikal seal is a relict of the Tertiary fauna. The males tend to stay in the water, under the ice, all winter. In winter the lake is covered by ice that is 80 to 90 cm thick. Lake Baikal is a 395 mile long lake in eastern Siberia, bordering Mongolia. After the pups are weaned, the mother introduces them to solid food, bringing amphipods, fish, and other food into the den. They then mark the female's den with a strong, musky odor, which can be smelled by another male if he approaches. It is endemic to Lake Baikal, and occasionally is found in rivers connecting to the lake. Growth continues until they are 20 to 25 years old. It has been suggested that the severity of this epizootic may have been partially caused by stress due to the high levels of persistent organic pollutants in the seals. Like the Caspian seal, it is related to the Arctic ringed seal. Using the methods of light microscopy, the histological structure of the spleen in Baikal seal (Pusica sibirica Gmel.) This grit scours the seals' gastrointestinal tracts and expels parasites.[5]. Retrieved Fri, 14 May 2021 10:51:42 (GMT), from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (. Pups normally measure about 65cm in length and weigh about 4kg at birth. This includes a large number that are killed for "scientific purposes", the 2000 quota for these purposes being 500 pups. When the photographer finally managed to get closer to the baby seal near Lake Baikal in Russia, “It was a very rare and special moment.” Photographer Alexy Trofimov snapped the seal while on an expedition to Lake Baikal in Russia. The proposed price to tourists for shooting a Baikal seal was said to be about $US 1,400 under a "kill or a portion of your money back" scheme operated by the park rangers who know the seal's habits and haulout locations. These pollutants can cause disease, reproductive problems and lowered immunity in the seals. Baikal seal pups are weaned after 2–2.5 months, occasionally up to 3.5 months. In 1987-1988 at least 5,000 Baikal seals died as a result of infection by a form of Canine Distemper Virus which is thought to have been transmitted to the seals from dogs or other land mammals. ... portrait of seal pup on snow covered field,lake baikal,russia - baikal seal stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. The females, after giving birth to their pups on the ice in late winter, become immediately impregnated again, and often are lactating while pregnant. (c) Seal Conservation Society 2011 | Terms of use | Website Privacy Policy, Orphan pup rehab workshop Dunedin Dec 2013, The origin of the species is still uncertain, although the most accepted theory suggests descent from the ringed seal, There is concern at the recent decline in numbers of the Baikal seal, the total population having dropped from 104,000 when the last survey took place in 1994. In general, a higher concentration of Baikal seals is found in the northern parts of the lake, because the longer winter keeps the ice frozen longer, which is preferable for pupping. Observations show that the Baikal seal population is strongly and easily influenced by any changes in the food chain so that a reduction, whether natural or caused by man, in one or more components of the food chain can adversely affect the species. Seal pup allows photographer rare close up. The plans were severely criticised by local environmentalists who are c. There is a serious problem of pollution in Lake Baikal, research showing that organochlorines and other chemical pollutants build up through the food web in the Lake and accumulate in the seals as top-level predators. [1], The Baikal seal is one of the smallest true seals. [5] Very rarely, triplets or quadruplets have been recorded. [1] They feed mainly during twilight and at night, when golomyankas occur in depths as shallow as 10–25 m (33–82 ft). [1] In general, levels of DDT and non-ortho PCB have declined in the lake from the 1990s, levels of mono-ortho PCB has showed no change, and perfluorochemical increased. pups was studied for the first time. After the pups are weaned, the mother introduces them to solid food, bringing amphipods, fish, and other food into the den. Statistics 1). Ice conditions in the lake determine the seasonal movements and activities of these seals. Identified sources of this pollution include the agricultural use of pesticides, including DDT, and the emissions and discharges of PCBs and dioxins from industrial activities in the towns around the Lake. [5] However, in recent years, migrations to the southern half of the lake have occurred, possibly to evade hunters. With its fluffy white fur, huge glassy eyes and friendly wave, the icy seal pup is cute enough to melt even the coldest of hearts. Weight: 70 kg (150 lb) average, 150 kg (330 lb) maximumTemplate:Source? It is estimated that about 1,000 seals die each year as bycatch in fishing gear and nets. The Baikal seal is currently listed as. This documentary is about the first months of life of Baikal Seal. It is estimated that omul only comprises about 0.1% of its diet. Since there's no light at night, they have to hunt with tactile cues. They may have swum up rivers and streams or possibly Lake Baikal was linked to the ocean at some point through a large body of water, such as the West Siberian Glacial Lake or West Siberian Plain, formed in a previous ice age. [3], The Baikal seal lives only in the waters of Lake Baikal. [4] During the autumn the Baikal seal eats 50-67% fewer golomyankas than in the winter and spring, but significantly more Cottocomephorus, Kessler's sculpins and stone sculpins. [5] The quota in 1999, 6,000, was lowered in 2000 to 3,500, which was still nearly 5% of the population if the Greenpeace count is correct. Pups are born with a white woolly coat that is moulted after 6-8 weeks, still in the lair, to be replaced by a silvery grey coat. Females reach sexual maturity at 3-6 years of age, males at 4-7 years. The only known natural predator of the Baikal seal is the brown bear, but deaths happen rather infrequently. This disturbance lengthens the overall time required to moult and thus has knock-on effects on the subsequent ability of the seals to feed. [1] The most serious future threat to the survival of the seal may be global warming , which has the potential to seriously affect a closed cold-water ecosystem such as that of Lake Baikal. During this time, the pups can increase their birth weight five-fold. The youngster waits near a breathing hole in the ice for its mother to return. In undisturbed situations pups usually seem to wait quietly for their mother to return from a fishing trip. Pesticides such as DDT and hexachlorocyclohexane, as well as industrial waste, mainly from the Baikalisk pulp and paper plant, are thought to have exacerbated several disease epidemics among Baikal seal populations. Rarely, Baikal seals can be found with spotted coats. [1], Another problem at Lake Baikal is the introduction of pollutants into the ecosystem. With a combination of delayed implantation and a nine-month gestation period, the Baikal seals' overall pregnancy is around 11 months. Baikal seals feed mainly on pelagic. In spring, when the ice melts and the dens usually collapse, the pup is left to fend for itself. Their main food source is the golomyanka, a cottoid oilfish found only in Lake Baikal. As for me, I’m a seal pup and live at Lake Baikal, the largest freshwater reservoir in the world. In June 1999 a total of 78 dead seals were found washed ashore, some near the Irkutsk village of Utulik and the others near the Baikalsk Pulp and Paper Plant. Featured Image Credit: Alexey Trofimov. There is no evidence to date that the adult males form aquatic territories for breeding purposes. [1][3] Small numbers died as recently as 2000, but the reason for their deaths is unclear. It is thought that if the present rates and age-related nature of the mortality continue then the population will be at severe risk. [5] When born, the pups weigh 3–3.5 kg (6.6–7.7 lb) and are about 70 cm (2 ft 4 in) long. This fur is quickly shed and exchanged for a darker coat, much like that of adults. [1] Most dives last less than 10 minutes and generally only 2–4 minutes. It was found that in Baikal seal the spleen is characterized by highly developed supporting elements (thick capsule and numerous branching trabeculae), which are rich in smooth myocytes. [3] The maximum reported size is 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) in length and 130 kg (290 lb) in weight. Females usually give birth to one pup, but they are one of only two species of true seals with the ability to give birth to twins. Female Baikal seals reach sexual maturity at 3–6 years of age, whereas males achieve it around 4–7 years. Mammals of Lake Baikal are represented by the only endemic species – the Baikal seal the whole life cycle of which is directly associated with the aquatic environment. Undocumented kill has been estimated at 20-40% of the official kill. Females reach sexual maturity at 3-6 years of age, males at 4-7 years. Furthermore, global warming threatens the deterioration of the quality of the habitat of the Baikal seal, and may cause a population decline. As well as the official hunt there is an increasing problem with poaching caused by weakening enforcement and rising prices for the fur of young seals. As the coat weathers, it becomes brownish. [4] The omul's main competitor is the golomyanka and by eating tons of these fish a year, Baikal seals cut down on the omul's competition for resources. With a combination of delayed implantation and a nine-month gestation period, the Baikal seals' overall pregnancy is around 11 months. It has been estimated that adult males can live up to 52 years of age, females to 56 years. “If a seal pup is not too scared, they will begin to become curious about you and this is what this seal was doing,” Trofimov told Caters News. Note: this pup appears agitated and searching for its mother. Lake Baikal, Russian Ozero Baykal, also spelled Ozero Bajkal, lake located in the southern part of eastern Siberia within the republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk oblast (province) of Russia.It is the oldest existing freshwater lake on Earth (20 million–25 million years old), as well as the deepest continental body of water, having a maximum depth of 5,315 feet (1,620 metres). [1][4] During the day, golomyankas are typically found deeper than 100 m (330 ft). Because seals are typically found along coastlines, they primarily … The female raises the pups on her own; she digs them a fairly large den under the ice, up to 5 m (16 ft) in length, and more than 2 m (6 ft) wide. Can be confused with There should be no confusion; the Baikal seal does not share its range with any other pinniped species. Baikal seal pups are weaned after 2–2.5 months, occasionally up to 3.5 months. During the day, these seals use visual clues to search for their prey, which is mainly fish, while during the night they use tactile clues to hunt crustaceans. Since it's brighter during the day, the seals are able to see much better in order to hunt for the fish. Baikal seals are the only seal species to live entirely in freshwater. Baikal seals have been known to dive for as long as 43 minutes. [4] There are significant annual variations in the weight, with lowest weight in the spring and highest weight, about 38–42% more, in the fall. The seals are estimated to have inhabited Lake Baikal for some two million years.[7]. In early autumn, before the entire lake freezes over, they migrate to bays and coves and hunt Kessler's sculpin, a fish that lives in silty areas and, as a result, usually contains grit and silt in its digestive system. Adults typically grow to 1.1–1.4 m (3 ft 7 in–4 ft 7 in) in length[1] with a body mass from 63 to 70 kg (139 to 154 lb). [6] It is something of a mystery how Baikal seals came to live there in the first place. The Baikal seal is one of the smallest true seals and the only exclusively freshwater pinniped species. Lake Baikal is the only place on earth where it is possible to observe nerpa, the lake's freshwater seal. To our time scientists could not solve the riddle of its appearance in the lake. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Baikal seal population size was estimated to be around 108,200 individuals in 2013, with an estimated pup production of 23,600 individuals. He gained attention due to his face, with a somber expression, looking very much like an old man even though he was so young. This coat is eventually replaced by the adult coat of a uniformly dark silvery grey back and a lighter yellowish grey front, rare individuals also having a spotted coat. Pupping takes place on the Lake Baikal ice from February to March, the pups being born in lairs that have been hollowed out on the fast ice. 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