Do more with Bing Maps. Furthermore, the universities are not the only places in the Ruhr region where academic qualifications can be obtained. Stage towns 23 villages in the Sauerland and Ruhr Area are waiting for you! However, the occupation of the Ruhr caused several direct and indirect consequences on the German economy and government. [15] In October 1937, Belgium signed a non-aggression pact with Germany. Thus the Ruhr is described as a polycentric urban area, which shares a similar history of urban and economic development. For 2010, the Ruhr region was one of the European Capitals of Culture.[5][6]. Atmospheric Environment 42,7059–7069, De Ridder K et al., 2008. Draft, The President's Economic Mission to Germany and Austria, Report 3, March, 1947; OF 950B: Economic Mission as to Food…; Truman Papers. Lake Constance cycle path . This in its turn increased inequality, and made anthropometric measurements, e.g. [21], During the Cold War, the Western allies anticipated that any Red Army thrust into Western Europe would begin in the Fulda Gap and have the Ruhr as a primary target. Around 3,500 industrial monuments reflect the eventful past of the Ruhr Valley and have become impressive sites for leisure and culture. [14] On 16 October 1936, Belgium repudiated the 1921 alliance with France and declared its absolute neutrality. Fall of the Ruhr Interactive Map. Although the Ruhrgebiet, or Ruhr, is not strictly an administrative or political entity, it is geographically defined as extending from the left bank of the Rhine east to Hamm and from the Ruhr River north to the Lippe; a wider definition would include the Rhine River cities of Krefeld and Düsseldorf and the urban belt extending eastward from Düsseldorf through Wuppertal to Hagen. France's eastern allies (the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia) concluded that since the French refused to defend their own border, they certainly would not stand up for their allies in the East. Ruhr Valley, Ruhrpott, Revier, Ruhr Metropolis – All of these names refer to the same unmistakeable region “deep in the West”. metropoleruhr.de. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. By 1950, after the virtual completion of the by-then much watered-down "level of industry" plans, equipment had been removed from 706 manufacturing plants in the west, and steel production capacity had been reduced by 6.7 million tons. RUHR … The Ruhr area has no administrative center; each city in the area has its own administration, although there exists the supracommunal "Regionalverband Ruhr" institution in Essen. [11][13] All restraint on German rearmament was now removed. The coal was exported or processed in coking ovens into coke, used in blast furnaces, producing iron and steel. It flows north and then west in a deep well-wooded valley past Arnsberg. Passive resistance was called off in late 1923, allowing Germany to implement a currency reform and to negotiate the Dawes Plan, which led to the withdrawal of the French and Belgian troops from the Ruhr in 1925. The halt in domestic production made war reparations impossible to pay. "[29] However, Lawrence K. Cecil and Philip Hauge Abelson still write in 1967: "In the first place, the average person uses the term 'Ruhr' indiscriminately as the Ruhr River or the Ruhr district, two entirely different things. Located in the East of the Ruhr is Dortmund Airport, This article is about the urban area. But when the uprising was snuffed out by the Freikorps, everything was under the control of the Weimar Republic, until the Kapp Putsch happened which attempted to overthrow the Weimar Republic. The Ruhr (German pronunciation: [ˈʁuːɐ̯], German: Ruhrgebiet), or the Ruhr district, Ruhr region or Ruhr valley, is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. You have new ideas and need know-how from different areas for their implementation? The nearby Saar region, containing much of Germany's remaining coal deposits, was handed over to economic administration by France as a protectorate in 1947 and did not politically return to Germany until January 1957, with economic reintegration occurring two years later. The Ruhr cities are, from west to east: Duisburg, Oberhausen, Bottrop, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Bochum, Herne, Hagen, Dortmund, Lünen, Bergkamen, Hamm and the districts of Wesel, Recklinghausen, Unna and Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis. [26][27] In 2005, Essen[28] was the official candidate for nomination as European Capital of Culture for 2010. In 1924 the English and American press was still talking of the "French occupation of the Ruhr Valley" or "Ruhr District". By around 1820, hundreds of water-powered mills were producing textiles, lumber, shingles and iron in automated processes here. In all, less than 5% of the industrial base was dismantled.[23]. In little more than 170 years, Germany's Ruhr Valley saw the rise and fall of an entire industry. You will be able to change your company's information anytime you want from the Startup Genome website. Equally, urban parks and colliery spoil heaps are the other two man-made habitats inhabited by birds and beetles. Moselle cycle path. Talk . Due to the density of the autobahns and expressways, Bundesstraßen are less important for intercity traffic. Briefing Good job securing that Airfield Commander, though I wish it was all good news. Moreover, the government became increasingly unpopular due to its "passive resistance" to German production. Summers normally average in the low 20s, with winters being somewhat above the freezing point. [citation needed]. The most populous cities[4] are Dortmund (with a population of approximately 588,000), Essen (about 583,000) and Duisburg (about 497,000). Since the 19th century, these cities have grown together into a large complex with a vast industrial landscape, inhabited by some 7.3 million people (including Düsseldorf and Wuppertal, large cities that are nearby but officially not part of the Ruhr area). Locks built at Mülheim on the Ruhr led to the expansion of Mülheim as a port. In March 1921, French and Belgian troops occupied Duisburg, which under the Treaty of Versailles formed part of the demilitarized Rhineland. Yet "The report of a deputation from the Transport and General Workers' Union which spent a fortnight examining the problems in the Ruhr Valley", published in The Economic Review, Volume 8, 1923, is still using the traditional term. In 1923, the Canadian Commercial Intelligence Journal, Volume 28, Issue 1013, includes the article, "Exports from the Ruhr district of Germany". Um Google Maps verwenden zu können, muss JavaScript aktiviert sein. Our map pulls its data from Startup Genome . Amphibians and insects such as dragonflies abound. Fall of the Ruhr Timeline. 4 Feb 1945 The first of seven Ruhr dams in Germany was captured by the US First Army. The air and water pollution of the area are largely a thing of the past although some issues take a long time to solve. It is served by the Düsseldorf Flughafen and Düsseldorf Flughafen Terminal railway stations, with its several parking lots, terminals and stations being connected by the Skytrain. Likewise the Ruhr steel industry went into sharp decline, as its prices were undercut by lower-cost suppliers such as Japan. The French Monnet Plan pushed for an internationalization of the area,[20] and the subsequent Ruhr Agreement was imposed as a condition for the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany. Map of the Ruhr Pocket Courtesy of Major Ken Hechler: The allies eyed the great German industrial complex in the Ruhr Valley as the heartbeat of the Nazi war machine. The Autobahn network is built in a grid network, with four east–west (A2, A40, A42, A44) and seven north–south (A1, A3, A43, A45, A52, A57, A59) routes. The development of the region into an urbanized industrial area started in the late 18th century with the early industrialization in the nearby Wupper Valley in the Bergisches Land. Moreover, the urbanization also boosted the expansion of railroad connections. Before the coal deposits along the Ruhr were exhausted, the mining industry moved northward to the Emscher and finally to the Lippe, drilling ever deeper mines as it went. Companies such as the Henkel Group, Düsseldorf; Hochtief AG, Essen; Deutsche Post AG, Bonn; Evonik Industries, Essen; ThyssenKrupp AG, Essen/Duisburg; Deutsche Telekom AG, Bayer AG, Leverkusen; Metro AG, Düsseldorf; and Franz Haniel & Cie. 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