German cinema has made major technical and artistic contributions to film. After four years of warfare, in which approximately two million German soldiers were killed,[55] a general armistice ended the fighting. [152], Germany's military, the Bundeswehr, is organised into the Heer (Army and special forces KSK), Marine (Navy), Luftwaffe (Air Force), Zentraler Sanitätsdienst der Bundeswehr (Joint Medical Service) and Streitkräftebasis (Joint Support Service) branches. [188] Germany is the largest contributor to the European Space Agency. [215], The 2011 German Census showed Christianity as the largest religion in Germany, with 66.8% identified themselves as Christian, with 3.8% of those not being church members. Modern Germany is a liberal democracy that has become ever more integrated with and central to a united Europe. Things are not helped by the statement of German Cardinal Reinhard Marx in 2015, when he warned the German Church is “not a branch from the Church in Rome.” W ALK INTO any meeting in … Most of the German universities are public institutions, and students traditionally study without fee payment. According to a French online survey of parents in five European countries, Germany has a relatively high proportion of people who refuse vaccinations, when compared with the … Germany Is Seeing Virus Cases Go Down and Vaccinations Go Up. [153] In 2018, military spending was at $49.5 billion, about 1.2% of the country's GDP, well below the NATO target of 2%. [250] German popular music of the 20th and 21st centuries includes the movements of Neue Deutsche Welle, pop, Ostrock, heavy metal/rock, punk, pop rock, indie, Volksmusik (folk music), schlager pop and German hip hop. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions are in place for entry into Germany from a large number of countries. [260], Influential authors of the 20th century include Gerhart Hauptmann, Thomas Mann, Hermann Hesse, Heinrich Böll and Günter Grass. Germany is in Europe. Weser Renaissance). [103][104], In the 2005 elections, Angela Merkel became the first female chancellor. [231] The established universities in Germany include some of the oldest in the world, with Heidelberg University (established in 1386) being the oldest. It has warm summers exceeding 30°C with cooler winters. It has warm summers exceeding 30°C with cooler winters. [88] Konrad Adenauer was elected the first Federal Chancellor of Germany in 1949. [184] These companies represent 48% global market leaders in their segments, labelled Hidden Champions. While Germany is within the Germanic Europe DNA region, it also encompasses a few other entire countries and regions of several others. German is the predominant and official language of Germany. Street fighting in the major industrial centres, the occupation of the Ruhr by Belgian and French troops, and a period of hyperinflation followed. [202] The country's greenhouse gas emissions per capita were the ninth highest in the EU in 2018[update]. Although Germany existed as a loose polity of Germanic-speaking peoples for millennia, a united German nation in roughly its present form dates only to 1871. After the fall of communism, German reunification saw the former East German states join the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990—becoming a federal parliamentary republic led by a chancellor. According to data from 2016, the Catholic Church and the Evangelical Church claimed 28.5% and 27.5%, respectively, of the population. [14] Similarly dated evidence of modern humans has been found in the Swabian Jura, including 42,000-year-old flutes which are the oldest musical instruments ever found,[15] the 40,000-year-old Lion Man,[16] and the 35,000-year-old Venus of Hohle Fels. [197] It meets the country's power demands using 40% renewable sources. Germany is located between continental Eastern Europe and the oceanic Western European climates. The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film ("Oscar") went to the German production Die Blechtrommel (The Tin Drum) in 1979, to Nirgendwo in Afrika (Nowhere in Africa) in 2002, and to Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of Others) in 2007. [226], Recognised native minority languages in Germany are Danish, Low German, Low Rhenish, Sorbian, Romany, North Frisian and Saterland Frisian; they are officially protected by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. According to 2013 World Bank data, the GDP of Germany had amounted to the impressive $ 3,730,261 million. [224], Responsibility for educational supervision in Germany is primarily organised within the individual states. [190] Its road network is among the densest in Europe. [91] While East German propaganda was based on the benefits of the GDR's social programmes and the alleged threat of a West German invasion, many of its citizens looked to the West for freedom and prosperity. Following the War of Austrian Succession and the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, Charles VI's daughter Maria Theresa ruled as Empress Consort when her husband, Francis I, became Emperor. Political Imagery from the Berlin Wall to German Unification", "Vertrag zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik über die Herstellung der Einheit Deutschlands (Einigungsvertrag) Art 11 Verträge der Bundesrepublik Deutschland", "Gesetz zur Umsetzung des Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages vom 20. Germany saw France as its principal danger on the European continent as it could mobilize much faster than Russia and bordered Germany's industrial core in the Rhineland. Some of the indigenous minority dialects in the country include Saterland Frisian, North Frisian, Romany, Sorbian, Low Rhenish, Low German, and Danish. Germany promotes the creation of a more unified European political, economic and security apparatus. Also in Renaissance and Baroque art, regional and typically German elements evolved (e.g. [54], The assassination of Austria's crown prince on 28 June 1914 provided the pretext for Austria-Hungary to attack Serbia and trigger World War I. [20], Under Augustus, Rome began to invade Germania. [232] The Humboldt University of Berlin, founded in 1810 by the liberal educational reformer Wilhelm von Humboldt, became the academic model for many Western universities. [26] The Ottonian rulers (919–1024) consolidated several major duchies. [4], Since 1949, the party system has been dominated by the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party of Germany. This permitted German reunification on 3 October 1990, with the accession of the five re-established states of the former GDR. [4] Since the 1970s, Germany's death rate has exceeded its birth rate. Dieterich Buxtehude, Johann Sebastian Bach and Georg Friedrich Händel were influential composers of the Baroque period. [208] The Europa-Park near Freiburg is Europe's second most popular theme park resort. As a global leader in several industrial, scientific and technological sectors, it is both the world's third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany’s new role in Europe. German unification at the time created a nation whose strength could not be effectively counterbalanced by its European neighbours leading to tension, animosities and, arguably, two world wars. [160] According to SIPRI, Germany was the fourth largest exporter of major arms in the world from 2014 to 2018. Germany, the most populous nation in the European Union, possesses one of the largest economies in the world and has seen its role in the international community grow steadily since reunification. [225] German is the most widely spoken first language in the European Union, with around 100 million native speakers. According to an OECD report in 2014, Germany is the world's third leading destination for international study. [122] More than 400 zoos and animal parks operate in Germany. [149] Cultural ties and economic interests have crafted a bond between the two countries resulting in Atlanticism. [129] As of 2017[update] Germany is divided into 401 districts (Kreise) at a municipal level; these consist of 294 rural districts and 107 urban districts. International varieties such as pizza, sushi, Chinese food, Greek food, Indian cuisine and doner kebab are also popular. According to the World Health Organization, Germany's health care system was 77% government-funded and 23% privately funded as of 2013[update]. Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G7, the G20, and the OECD. The share of the German population that has received a first vaccine shot has reached 31.5%, putting the country in line with the rest of Europe, where an … Members of the Hanseatic League, mostly north German towns, prospered in the expansion of trade. [186] In 2018 Germany ranked fourth globally in terms of number of science and engineering research papers published. As of 2017[update], the German military has about 3,600 troops stationed in foreign countries as part of international peacekeeping forces, including about 1,200 supporting operations against Daesh, 980 in the NATO-led Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan, and 800 in Kosovo. Germany was the last country to host both the summer and winter games in the same year, in 1936: the Berlin Summer Games and the Winter Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Where is Germany Located? [59][60][61], The worldwide Great Depression hit Germany in 1929. [141] In 2018, the overall crime rate fell to its lowest since 1992. Expressionist architecture developed in the 1910s in Germany and influenced Art Deco and other modern styles. Germany, country of north-central Europe. [28], Under the Hohenstaufen emperors (1138–1254), German princes encouraged German settlement to the south and east (Ostsiedlung). [253] Vernacular architecture in Germany is often identified by its timber framing (Fachwerk) traditions and varies across regions, and among carpentry styles. Germany is Europe's most industrialised and populous country. The first works of the Skladanowsky Brothers were shown to an audience in 1895. In state of defence, the Chancellor would become commander-in-chief of the Bundeswehr. [48] However, under Wilhelm II, Germany took an imperialistic course, leading to friction with neighbouring countries. [248], German classical music includes works by some of the world's most well-known composers. [38][39], From 1740, dualism between the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy and the Kingdom of Prussia dominated German history. Germany Map Where is Germany Located After World War II, broad trends in German art include neo-expressionism and the New Leipzig School. Germany's system of hospitals, called Krankenhäuser, dates from medieval times, and today, Germany has the world's oldest universal health care system, dating from Bismarck's social legislation of the 1880s. [127][128], Germany is a federal state and comprises sixteen constituent states which are collectively referred to as Länder. [68], In 1935, the regime withdrew from the Treaty of Versailles and introduced the Nuremberg Laws which targeted Jews and other minorities. Germany was particularly important in the early modernist movement: it is the home of Werkbund initiated by Hermann Muthesius (New Objectivity), and of the Bauhaus movement founded by Walter Gropius. [63] After the Reichstag fire, a decree abrogated basic civil rights and the first Nazi concentration camp opened. [129] Each state has its own constitution,[130] and is largely autonomous in regard to its internal organisation. Germany has one of the lowest fertility rates on earth of about 1.41 births per woman and a life expectancy of over 80.19 years. [182] Berlin is a hub for startup companies and has become the leading location for venture capital funded firms in the European Union. Various Germans won an Oscar for their performances in other films. It is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany has the means to change Europe—if it chooses. [240], Culture in German states has been shaped by major intellectual and popular currents in Europe, both religious and secular. [137], Criminal and private laws are codified on the national level in the Strafgesetzbuch and the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch respectively. Germany has the largest economy in Europe, larger than those of Britain, France, Italy, Spain or Russia. It is the most populous European country which lies entirely in Europe and the second most highly populated country in the continent, right after Russia. [90], East Germany was an Eastern Bloc state under political and military control by the USSR via occupation forces and the Warsaw Pact. The collections of folk tales published by the Brothers Grimm popularised German folklore on an international level. Britain, France and Russia also concluded alliances to protect against Habsburg interference with Russian interests in the Balkans or German interference against France. [239] Obesity in Germany has been increasingly cited as a major health issue. Germany is surrounded by Luxembourg, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, Denmark, Czech Republic, and Poland. People from this region might also show a genetic influence from Scandinavian countries, France, or even the England, Wales, and Northwestern Europe DNA regions. [198] Germany is committed to the Paris Agreement and several other treaties promoting biodiversity, low emission standards, and water management. [209], With a population of 80.2 million according to the 2011 census,[210] rising to 83.1 million as of 2019[update],[6] Germany is the most populous country in the European Union, the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the nineteenth-most populous country in the world. Bread is a significant part of German cuisine and German bakeries produce about 600 main types of bread and 1,200 types of pastries and rolls (Brötchen). [256], German designers became early leaders of modern product design. [124], Germany is a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic republic. [252], German painters have influenced western art. The English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. It has played an influential role in the European Union since its inception and has maintained a strong alliance with France and all neighbouring countries since 1990. Germany is the most populous country in Western Europe, with a population of approximately 83 million, while France has a population of about 63 million. Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; covering an area of 357,022 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), with a population of over 83 million within its 16 constituent states. The country appears to be breaking a tough third wave of the virus, and one of its … [36] The legal system initiated by a series of Imperial Reforms (approximately 1495–1555) provided for considerable local autonomy and a stronger Imperial Diet. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/how-many-countries-are-in-europe.html [181] Well-known international brands include Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Volkswagen, Audi, Siemens, Allianz, Adidas, Porsche, Bosch and Deutsche Telekom. There are over 1,500 different beers in Germany. Early German cinema was particularly influential with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau. [97] Based on the Berlin/Bonn Act (1994), Berlin again became the capital of Germany, while Bonn obtained the unique status of a Bundesstadt (federal city) retaining some federal ministries. [262] The Frankfurt Book Fair is the most important in the world for international deals and trading, with a tradition spanning over 500 years. [150], The development policy of Germany is an independent area of foreign policy. German territory covers 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi), consisting of 348,672 km2 (134,623 sq mi) of land and 8,350 km2 (3,224 sq mi) of water. [50] At the Berlin Conference in 1884, Germany claimed several colonies including German East Africa, German South West Africa, Togoland, and Kamerun. European Central Bank by Bankenverband – Bundesverband deutscher. [64][65] The Enabling Act gave Hitler unrestricted legislative power, overriding the constitution;[66] his government established a centralised totalitarian state, withdrew from the League of Nations, and dramatically increased the country's rearmament. [131], Germany has a civil law system based on Roman law with some references to Germanic law. The Berlin International Film Festival, known as "Berlinale", awarding the "Golden Bear" and held annually since 1951, is one of the world's leading film festivals. The Bundestag is elected through direct elections using the mixed-member proportional representation system. [71] Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) saw the burning of synagogues, the destruction of Jewish businesses, and mass arrests of Jewish people. With Germany's pivotal role in Europe crystallising in the face of the EU's crises, an expert survey reveals how German policymakers feel about their partners. [109], From February 2019 – 2020, average monthly temperatures in Germany ranged from a low of 3.3 °C (37.9 °F) in January 2020 to a high of 19.8 °C (67.6 °F) in June 2019. Conversely, the southeast regions have more extreme temperatures. [120] In addition, there are 17 Biosphere Reserves,[121] and 105 nature parks. [37] The House of Habsburg held the imperial crown from 1438 until the death of Charles VI in 1740. [46], King William I appointed Otto von Bismarck as the Minister President of Prussia in 1862. [233][234] In the contemporary era Germany has developed eleven Universities of Excellence. [93], Tensions between East and West Germany were reduced in the late 1960s by Chancellor Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik. Bismarck successfully concluded the war with Denmark in 1864; the subsequent decisive Prussian victory in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 enabled him to create the North German Confederation which excluded Austria. [34][35], The Peace of Westphalia ended religious warfare among the Imperial Estates;[34] their mostly German-speaking rulers were able to choose Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, or the Reformed faith as their official religion. With more than 7 million official members, the German Football Association (Deutscher Fußball-Bund) is the largest single-sport organisation worldwide,[279] and the German top league, the Bundesliga, attracts the second highest average attendance of all professional sports leagues in the world. These nine countries include the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, France, Poland, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Denmark, and Austria. [157] Until 2011, military service was compulsory for men at age 18, but this has been officially suspended and replaced with a voluntary service. Mai 2011", Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany), "Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund um 8,5 % gestiegen", "International Migration Report 2015 – Highlights", "Pressekonferenz "Zensus 2011 – Fakten zur Bevölkerung in Deutschland" am 31. [217][218] Islam is the second largest religion in the country. [67] A government-sponsored programme for economic renewal focused on public works, the most famous of which was the autobahn. [56] Germany lost around 13% of its European territory and ceded all of its colonial possessions in Africa and the South Sea. [285] Sebastian Vettel is also among the top five most successful Formula One drivers of all time. Image. [31], Johannes Gutenberg introduced moveable-type printing to Europe, laying the basis for the democratization of knowledge. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}51°N 9°E / 51°N 9°E / 51; 9, – in Europe (light green & dark grey)– in the European Union (light green). 750-1050)-language text, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing Middle High German (ca. [75] In the spring of 1940, Germany conquered Denmark and Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France, forcing the French government to sign an armistice. Find all national and international information about germany. The coldest region in the country (other than the mountain peaks) is situated around Gorlitz and Dresden while the warmest part is on the French-German border. [22], Charlemagne founded the Carolingian Empire in 800; it was divided in 843[26] and the Holy Roman Empire emerged from the eastern portion. [207], Germany's most visited and popular landmarks include Cologne Cathedral, the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag, the Dresden Frauenkirche, Neuschwanstein Castle, Heidelberg Castle, the Wartburg, and Sanssouci Palace. The northern regions have prevailing westerly winds that bring in moist air from the North Sea, moderating the temperature and increasing precipitation. 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