Further resources to extend your understanding. GEOLOGY is the science which investigates the history of the earth.

Some slightly younger rocks (about 3.8 billion years old) show tantalizing evidence of life on the young planet. Some five billion years ago, in a perfectly ordinary place in the galaxy, something happened. inner core extends from 5,150-6,370 km (the remaining 19%) below the Earth's surface. For information on Wegener’s life and his theory of continental drift see the following sites: Students could study a popular story like Jules Verne’s 'Journey to the Centre of the Earth' or one of the many movie adaptations inspired by the book. The process of accumulation and collision was violent and spectacular because the smaller pieces left huge craters on the larger ones. The stage was set for the formation and spread of tiny microbes across the planet. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely to occur at plate boundaries. The iron meteorites that plunge to Earth from time to time come from collisions between these asteroids in the distant past. It treats of the nature and formation of the rocks which form the solid framework of the globe ; of the agents which produce changes in these rocks ; and of the history of the past life, whose remains (fossils) are buried in them.

This is in total contrast with the extremely short (in geological terms) time involved in the ideas they will have of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. An onion has many layers, whereas the Earth has only four. The Earth’s layers are made of different materials whereas all the onion layers are of the same material. Later, students who have researched the Earth's layers can mark in, the following features using the same scale: Students could investigate how well sound waves travel through a metal fence rail compared to rails made from other materials. It was young, hot, and glowing, but not yet a full star. The smooth skin of the peach isunlike the actual top layer of the Earth which is broken into pieces. It ​and other planets suffered through what's called the "late heavy bombardment" of the last stray planetesimals around four billion years ago). Over time the temperature of the planet interior rises towards the Fe-melting line. An understanding of the layered nature of the Earth is central to understanding plate tectonics and earth science. crust, which is solid, can be as thin as 6km in some oceanic areas and generally around 35 km (about 0.5%) thick in continental areas. The questions below should be discussed but not answered prior to having the students complete their posters showing the objects they think they would encounter.

They have always been where they are now, under the Earth there are central fires, magnets and underground seas. )��xVͿ!9��mNs�8�,Lm��[�.\��l�*�D6��U)�if|Fu%U���$�6�Z�,��+�п$�l���#:�M���bѵB5[��K��s�`'/s�6+�����C�;��地�p�������g��ڲ To access the interactive learning object below, teachers must login to FUSE and search by Learning Resource ID: For information about the Earth’s layers and level appropriate evidence supporting their existence see the following sites: We respectfully acknowledge the Traditional Owners of country throughout Victoria and pay respect to the ongoing living cultures of First Peoples. Q����z�%��$�p'j��"���-��e+�r �j�M��-+ሠY^uT>���] p��#����"�M�(�;����$$g��4���cۏr������0g��^�{qRU��@c߄(7jc�B�7F}XK�2�%O���?d�*4��Ё� L� Z@� hŶZ����6 �CPɈfq�Z�bWQ��H��E׵�4Z�沑O���il]�����]��]߳V.��P`������嘻�uj�/�s>�Ol?����7�y�B������m�f+��I��� �Կ��`��1+�pH�k{0�ˎ�m2aOHr#\���h���� QC��]�6fZl�EtНF��������um�a�Yu�4{¢��f���|O܆������E�Ǯ��A� J��ԪoK���fP�,�I��8�Y�G -i����K��v8�OS�s��>˯�m��0�Q��dC\��Z���>i/A|ϨA@�����O��[���Ϧ�]O�@h��F`�~�W�_��w�V���<4s润G���m��cV�H^ϸ �_wT���|��s�f�Bq���+�j�"�`�ݑ�K�>f�rJȯ�CC�i��\|0`�n耥��P��;T;�a��� ��e� ;�4�Q�8�T��xqԬ��͛�#"��R�_ ���r����V�U�6�Z��`S��`8��a>��q�ߟ�>?=&� outer core extends from 2,900-5,150 km (46% - 81%) below the surface. The hot young protostar eventually "turned on" and began to fuse hydrogen to helium in its core. At one point early in this process a very large planetesimal struck Earth an off-center blow and sprayed much of the young Earth's rocky mantle into space.

The evidence for the story of Earth's formation and evolution is the result of patient evidence-collecting from meteorites and studies of the geology of the other planets. Students can then describe their own imaginary journey into the Earth’s interior using their knowledge of correct science. %PDF-1.5 %���� The rocks, iron, and other metals in these colliding worlds sorted themselves into layers. However, to get to Earth, it's important to start at the beginning, when the universe was young.

Explore the relationships between ideas about the structure of the Earth in the Concept Development Maps – Changes in the Earth’s Surface and Plate Tectonics.

This mismatch becomes even more extreme with the issue of time given that the time periods involved in the movement of tectonic plates are huge; way beyond anything students have encountered before. Small groups of students could become experts on different zones and act as tour guides on a tour which could be constructed to scale along a corridor e.g. For evidence of geological structures see the following websites: As early as 1912, Alfred Wegener proposed a controversial theory of movement of the continents in his book 'The Origin of Continents and Oceans'. It is about 6,400 km from the Earth’s surface to its centre. Seismological Laboratory: Earth’s Interior, The Southern Californian Integrated GPS Network Education Module: Waves, The University of California Museum of Palaeontology: Alfred Wegener, United States Geological Survey: Inside the Earth, United States Geological Survey: Earthquake Hazards Program, Southern California Integrated GPS Network Education Module: Structure of the Earth, soil can extend several kilometres under the Earth's surface, lava in volcanoes comes from the centre of the Earth, it is pushed up to the surface, landforms such as mountains, seas and continents do not change. Over time the temperature of the planet interior rises towards the Fe-melting line. Apart from believing that the lava comes from the centre of the Earth, other views about volcanoes include: Research: Dove (1998), Bezzi & Happs (1994). PDF | 2001.06 The Atlas of Earth History is made up of the maps that appear at the PALEOMAP Project website (www.scotese.com). At its center, a protostellar object formed.

During that time, the components of the disk began to freeze out into small dust-sized grains.

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