For nearly a year, Mariner 9 carried out its mission, collecting data on the composition of the Martian surface (topography, gravity) and atmosphere (density, pressure, and temperature). They also proved that interplanetary exploration could be achieved for a relatively inexpensive cost in a short period of time. Launch Date: 2020 (as a secondary payload on Artemis I). It used solar panels for power and a dish antenna faced toward Earth to receive communications. Stardust-NExT was a follow-on mission that repurposed the Stardust spacecraft for a close re-encounter with comet Tempel 1 on Feb. 14, 2011. The Deep Space Atomic Clock, or DSAC, is a technology demonstration of a small, ultra-precise, mercury-ion atomic clock, which will be launched into Earth orbit to test its potential as a next-generation tool for spacecraft navigation, radio science and global positioning systems. On Nov. 13, 1971, Mariner 9 became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter. The ISARA mission will demonstrate a high bandwidth Ka-band CubeSat communications capability that is ready for immediate infusion into commercial, government and military systems. Launched on May 30, 1971, the 506-kilogram (1,116-pound) spacecraft circled Mars twice each day for a full year, photographing the surface and analyzing the atmosphere with infrared and ultraviolet instruments. November 13, 1971 is a red-letter date in the history of exploration. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer, or MISR, instrument is one of five instruments aboard NASA's Terra satellite, which is collecting important data on the causes and effects of global climate change. Surveyor 7 was the last of the original series of Surveyor moon landers of the late 1960s and was dedicated primarily to scientific investigations. Sign up to receive our newsletter and digital communications about our programs, exhibits, special discount offers and more! The Orbiting Carbon Observatory, or OCO, was designed to make space-based observations of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere to better understand the characteristics of climate change. Each Mariner mission was supposed to have a complimentary spacecraft, but this did not always go to plan. To plan such a landing, it helps to have good images of the planet's surface, and that's exactly what the Mariner 9 mission provided. Forty years ago this month, Mariner 9 became the first mission to orbit another planet. Stardust was the first spacecraft to return a cometary sample and extraterrestrial material from outside the orbit of the moon to Earth. Mariner 9 remains in orbit around Mars until 2022, when it is expected to burn up or crash on to the surface. The Magellan spacecraft, which arrived at Venus in 1990, made the first global map of the surface of Venus as well as global maps of the planet's gravity field. According to UNOOSA, in history a total of 8 378 objects have been launched into space. Designed to be the first American spacecraft to study the Red Planet from a Martian orbit, Mariner 8 (also called Mariner H) fell victim to a malfunction in the stage's flight-control system shortly after launch. Designed to measure the height of the ocean - a key component to understanding how Earth's climate is changing - Sentinel-6/Jason CS consists of two identical satellites that will be launched five years apart. On this day in 1971, the first spacecraft to orbit another planet set off on its journey. First launched a decade after its predecessors, Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C was coupled with the German-built X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar to image Earth in three different wavelengths. Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Next Generation, Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer. It is expected to remain in orbit until at least 2022, after which the spacecraft is projected to enter the Martian atmosphere and either burn up or crash into the planet's surface. Finally, the storm cleared in December 1971. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-on (GRACE-FO) mission is a partnership between NASA and the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). Mariner 9 became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. The biennial event affords astronomers and physicists an excellent opportunity to study Mars with telescopes and other instruments from Earth. The spacecraft carried six scientific instruments: infrared radiometer, ultraviolet spectrometer, infrared interferometer spectrometer, an S-band radio occultation experiment, gravity field investigations, and a high and low resolution television imaging system. Mariner 9, the second in a pair of identical NASA Mars orbiters, lifted off from Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 22:23:04 May 30, 1971. Sensors on Mars 2020 Spacecraft Answer Long-Distance Call From Earth, Site Editors: Tony Greicius, Randal Jackson, Naomi Hartono, NASA's Curiosity Mars Rover Snaps Its Highest-Resolution Panorama Yet, Hubble Birthday Bash: 11 Candles, 100,000 Pictures, NASA's Curiosity Keeps Rolling As Team Operates Rover From Home, Earth-Size, Habitable-Zone Planet Found Hidden in Early NASA Kepler Data. The second of the series of spacecraft launched by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the early 1960s to further lunar and interplanetary exploration, Ranger 2, like its predecessor, was built to test flight systems for a future lunar mission.

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