In January 2005, NASA selected NuSTAR for flight pending a one-year feasibility study. It was successfully launched on 13 June 2012, having previously been delayed from 21 March due to software issues with the launch vehicle.[2][3]. It uses special optical devices to do this, so it works differently from a normal telescope. This page was last changed on 22 September 2019, at 04:35. NuSTARin teleskooppi käyttää Wolter-optiikkaa. & Boggs, Steven & Christensen, Finn & Craig, William & Hailey, Charles et al. In response, NuSTAR was submitted to NASA in May, as one of 36 mission proposals vying to be the tenth and eleventh Small Explorer missions. One particular innovation enabling NuSTAR is that these shells are coated with depth-graded multilayers (alternating atomically thin layers of a high-density and low-density material); with NuSTAR's choice of Pt/SiC and W/Si multilayers, this enables reflectivity up to 79 keV (the platinum K-edge energy).[17][18]. A laser metrology system is used to determine the exact relative positions of the optics and the focal plane at all times, so that each detected photon can be mapped back to the correct point on the sky even if the optics and the focal plane move relative to one another during an exposure. & Diller, George: Harrison, Fiona A. It is the eleventh satellite in the "Small Explorer" program. After its primary mission of 2 years (to 2014) it is now in a 2-year mission extension to 2016.[4]. The focal planes are shielded by Cesium-Iodide (CsI) crystals that surround the detector housings. This type of telescope is called a Wolter telescope. Sivua on viimeksi muutettu 22. syyskuuta 2019 kello 06.34. [3] It had earlier been planned for 15 August 2011, 3 February 2012, 16 March 2012, and 14 March 2012. Unlike visible light telescopes – which employ mirrors or lenses working with normal incidence – NuSTAR has to employ grazing incidence optics to be able to focus X-rays. The electrons are digitally recorded using custom Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) designed by the NuSTAR Caltech Focal Plane Team. De oppervlakte bedraagt 43,44 km², de bevolkingsdichtheid is 134,9 inwoners per km². NuSTAR mittaa taivaan röntgenlähteitä kahden vuoden ajan. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. NuSTAR's predecessor, the High Energy Focusing Telescope (HEFT), was a balloon-borne version that carried telescopes and detectors constructed using similar technologies. Spin measurement of a supermassive black hole, Tracing radioactivity in a supernova remnant. The principal investigator is Fiona A. Harrison of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Nuštar is een gemeente in de Kroatische provincie Vukovar-Srijem.Nuštar telt 5862 inwoners. [10][15], On 22 June 2012 it was confirmed that the 10 m mast was fully deployed.[16]. Název sondy je akronym z anglického pojmenování Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array.. NuSTAR je jedenáctou misí NASA v rámci programu satelitů Small Explorer (SMEX-11) a má pořadové číslo Explorer-93 v rámci programu Explorer. The event time is recorded to an accuracy of 2 μs relative to the on-board clock. NuSTAR has captured these first, focused views of the supermassive black hole at the heart of our galaxy in high-energy X-ray light. Teleskooppi laukaistiin 550 kilometriä korkealle kiertoradalleen 13. kesäkuuta 2012 kello 19.00 Suomen aikaa Pegasus XL-kantoraketilla Kwajaleinin atolleilta. Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) on NASAn röntgenteleskooppi. In November, NASA selected NuSTAR and four other proposals for a five-month implementation feasibility study. [4][5] NuSTARin laukaisua lykättiin useasti.[6][7]. The coatings were applied by a group at the Danish Technical University. The crystal shields, grown by Saint-Gobain, register high energy photons and cosmic rays which cross the focal plane from directions other than the along the NuSTAR optical axis. [1], NuSTAR is searching for black holes. Viimeksi muokattu 22. syyskuuta 2019 kello 06.34, NuSTAR Bringing the High Energy Universe into Focus – Launch, Launch of NASA's NuSTAR Mission Postponed, NuSTAR Bringing the High Energy Universe into Focus – About, HEFT Home Page – High Energy Focusing Telescope, NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array), https://fi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NuSTAR&oldid=18426038. [6] The program was cancelled in February 2006 as a result of cuts to science in NASA's 2007 budget. [8] Satelliitti on NASAn Small Explorer -ohjelman yhdestoista missio (SMEX-11). Sen energia-alue on 5 - 80 keV. In February 2013, NASA revealed that NuSTAR, along with the XMM-Newton space observatory, has measured the spin rate of the supermassive black hole at the centre of the galaxy NGC 1365. NuSTAR measures high-energy X-rays, which have a much higher frequency than visible light. [22], One of NuSTAR's main goals is to characterize stars' explosions by mapping the radioactive material in a supernova remnant. NuSTAR je kosmická sonda nesoucí teleskop, který zaznamenává rentgenové záření.Sonda pracuje v rozmezí 3 až 79 keV. Clavin, Whitney & Perrotto, Trent J. [2], Last edited on 22 September 2019, at 04:35, "Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, or NuSTAR", About NuSTAR: The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, "NASA's NuSTAR Helps Solve Riddle of Black Hole Spin", http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/nustar/news/nustar20130227.html, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NuSTAR&oldid=6672005, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Each pixel has an independent discriminator and individual X-ray interactions trigger the readout process. When researchers simulate supernova blasts with computers, as a massive star dies and collapses, the main shock wave often stalls and the star fails to shatter. Each focusing optic has its own focal plane module, consisting of a solid state Cadmium Zinc Telluride ( CdZnTe) pixel detector [19] surrounded by a CsI anti-coincidence shield. On-board processors, one for each telescope, identify the row and column with the largest pulse height and read out pulse height information from this pixel as well as its eight neighbors. [1] It is the eleventh mission of the NASA Small Explorer satellite program (SMEX-11) and the first space-based direct-imaging X-ray telescope at energies beyond those of the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton. Projektia johtaa Fiona Harrison (California Institute of Technology eli Caltech) päätutkijana. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Wiki, About NuSTAR: The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, Launch of NASA's NuSTAR Mission Postponed, NuSTAR Celebrates Two Years of Science in Space, "NASA Restarts Telescope Mission to Detect Black Holes", http://www.nasa.gov/centers/jpl/news/nustar-20070921_prt.htm, http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/nustar/main/index.html, http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature=2306, "Launch of NASA's NuSTAR Mission Postponed", http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/nustar/news/nustar20120316.html, "NASA Selects Orbital's Pegasus Rocket to Launch NuSTAR Space Science Satellite", http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/release.asp?prid=685, "NASA blasts NuSTAR telescope into orbit to hunt black holes", http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/47798276/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/nasa-blasts-nustar-telescope-orbit-hunt-black-holes#.T9tuHVJy9RU, http://www.nustar.caltech.edu/about-nustar/instrumentation/optics, Commercial Orbital Transportation Services, https://nasa.fandom.com/wiki/NuSTAR?oldid=22162. Clavin, Whitney; Perrotto, Trent J; Diller, George (16 March 2012). Such events are the primary background for NuSTAR and must be properly identified and subtracted in order to identify high energy photons from cosmic sources. CZT detectors are state-of-the-art room temperature semiconductors that are very efficient at turning high energy photons into electrons. NuSTAR jeb Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (no angļu valodas — Kodolu spektroskopiskais teleskopa masīvs) ir ASV rentgenstaru orbitālā observatorija.Tā ir NASA programmas Small Explorer program vienpadsmitā misija (SMEX-11).Palaists 2012. gada jūnijā. The latest findings strongly suggest the exploding star literally sloshed around, re-energizing the stalled shock wave and allowing the star to finally blast off its outer layers.[23]. Telescopes in space can see much better than on Earth, because the telescopes on Earth need to look through the atmosphere. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Sen energia-alue on suurempi kuin NASAn Chandra-avaruusteleskoopin ja ESAn XMM-Newtonin. It is the eleventh satellite in the "Small Explorer" program. Teleskooppi laukaistiin 550 kilometriä korkealle kiertoradalleen 13. kesäkuuta 2012 kello 19.00 Suomen aikaa Pegasus XL-kantoraketilla Kwajaleinin atolleilta. Other major partners include the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), University of California at Berkeley, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Columbia University, Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, University of California, Santa Cruz, Sonoma State University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and the Italian Space Agency (ASI). Each focusing optic consists of 133 concentric shells. [2] Tyynenmeren yllä lentävä Lockheed L-1011 "Stargazer" lentokone pudotti sen rungon alaosaan[3] kiinnitetyn Pegasuksen noin 40 000 jalan (noin 12 kilometrin) korkeudesta. NASA contracted with Orbital Sciences Corporation to launch NuSTAR (mass 772 pounds (Template:Convert/round kg))[10] on a Pegasus XL rocket for 21 March 2012. Its primary scientific goals are to conduct a deep survey for black holes a billion times more massive than the Sun, to investigate how particles are accelerated to very high energy in active galaxies, and to understand how the elements are created in the explosions of massive stars by imaging the remains, which are called supernova remnants. NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array) is a space-based X-ray telescope that uses a conical approximation to a Wolter telescope to focus high energy X-rays from astrophysical sources, especially for nuclear spectroscopy, and operates in the range of 3 to 79 keV. NuSTAR is a telescope launched into space by NASA in 2012. Viisi sekuntia vapaasta pudotuksesta Pegasuksen kolmivaiheinen rakettimoottori käynnistyi kuljettaakseen NuSTARin kiertoradalle. One detector unit - or focal plane - comprises four (two-by-two) detectors, manufactured by eV Products. [1] One of the first discoveries made by NuSTAR, along with another space telescope called XMM-Newton, was to measure the spin rate of a supermassive black hole for the first time. NuSTAR has proven itself to be a versatile instrument and has opened up new discoveries in wide and varied areas of astrophysical research since it launch. Since the epoxy takes 24 hours to cure, one shell is assembled per day – it took four months to build up one optic. [11] After a launch meeting on 15 March 2012, the launch was pushed further back to allow time to review flight software used by the launch vehicle's flight computer. The expected point spread function for the flight mirrors is 43 arc-seconds, giving a spot size of about two millimeters at the focal plane; this is unprecedentedly good resolution for focusing hard-X-ray optics, though it is about one hundred times worse than the best resolution achieved at longer wavelengths by Chandra. [5] There are 4680 mirror segments in total (the 65 inner shells each comprise six segments and the 65 outer shells twelve; there are upper and lower segments to each shell, and there are two telescopes); there are five spacers per segment. NuSTAR is a telescope launched into space by NASA in 2012. Se tekee kartoituksen mustista aukoista, joiden massa on miljardi kertaa suurempi kuin Auringon massa. A Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (angolul Nukleáris spektroszkóp-távcső rács, rövidítve NuSTAR) csillagászati műhold, a NASA Small Explorer Programjának 11. tagja. Each detector is a rectangular crystal of dimension 20mm x 20mm and thickness ~2mm that have been gridded into 32 × 32, 0.6 mm pixels (each pixel subtending 12.3 arc seconds) and provides a total of 12 arc minute field of view for each focal plane module.

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