Ada Lovelace is known for two things: being the daughter of the poet Lord Byron, and her work as the world’s first computer programmer. In this article, we take a look at six such influential inventions from the late eighteenth century onwards, how they came about, and why their impact was so significant. There was the simpler method, too, whereby people sought for their children to become infected by potentially deadly diseases that were safer to catch in childhood than adulthood. Although some unsuccessful events were held earlier, it’s reasonable to say that the first properly organised motorsport competition was the Paris-Rouen road race of 1894, organised on behalf of Le Petit Journal by its editor Giffard. Jenner went on to test his theory on another 23 people, published his findings, and in 1840, the British government began to provide cowpox vaccinations against smallpox free of charge. Phipps proved to be immune. There were means of developing immunity to otherwise deadly diseases before Edward Jenner came along. Alfred Büchi (1879-1959), who had graduated from a university in Zurich only two years earlier, was unsatisfied with this, and looked for a way to make engines more efficient. Exhaust is expelled in the fourth. In 2014, the billionth website was created, and approximately half of the population is now online. Francis Davis (1887-1978) was an engineer at Pierce-Arrow, whose products included both luxury cars and trucks, when he came up with the idea for which he is best known. An elaborate system of staging posts enabled the coach to keep going with fresh horses so that long-distance express services were possible. There are two key factors to Tim Berners-Lee’s incredible invention of the World Wide Web. It’s hard to imagine how tough a decision faced parents who had to decide between risking their children’s lives by encouraging them to catch a disease at a young age, and knowing that the danger of catching it later in life would be vastly greater. Information about your device and internet connection, including your IP address, Browsing and search activity while using Verizon Media websites and apps. There have been methods for keeping teeth clean for a long time. 8-year-old James was Jenner’s first guinea pig. But after plague, fever and consumption (tuberculosis), the leading cause of death, killing 121 people, is ‘teeth’. Most poured effluent directly into the Thames, at an ever-increasing rate as the city’s population grew rapidly. The journey from London to York along the Great North Road in 1815 took 20 hours by stagecoach; a hundred and fifty years earlier, with poorer roads and less infrastructure, the journey would have taken four days. Mass-produced toothbrushes took another century to make it to the USA, where brushing teeth did not become routine until the Second World War. Davis was the first to make it work. It brought the Benzes – and the car – a great deal of publicity, and almost by accident established Bertha as one of motoring’s first test drivers. Mass-produced toothbrushes took another century to make it to the USA, where brushing teeth did not become routine until the Second World War. @*/false; if (!IE) { return; } if (document.compatMode && document.compatMode == 'BackCompat') { if (document.getElementById("af-form-876625274")) { document.getElementById("af-form-876625274").className = 'af-form af-quirksMode'; } if (document.getElementById("af-body-876625274")) { document.getElementById("af-body-876625274").className = "af-body inline af-quirksMode"; } if (document.getElementById("af-header-876625274")) { document.getElementById("af-header-876625274").className = "af-header af-quirksMode"; } if (document.getElementById("af-footer-876625274")) { document.getElementById("af-footer-876625274").className = "af-footer af-quirksMode"; } } })(); -->. At DuPont, Kwolek developed an extraordinarily strong and lighter fibre which was initially used in the construction of car tyres. Few people would disagree with this nowadays, but Callan was unable to demonstrate it. A constant-velocity joint, more often referred to in the motor industry as a CV joint, allows two shafts to turn at equal speeds even though they are joined at an angle. Until then, only strong people could drive big vehicles. Fuel for its engine consisted of a hydrogen-oxygen mix. Nicholas Callan (1799-1864) of County Louth in Ireland was a priest with a fascination for science. He later set up a business with machinist George Jessup and spent more than a quarter of a century trying to convince the US motor industry that it was worth considering. The two are connected. The World Wide Web has been around for just a little over 25 years – so its long-term impact may not yet even have begun. In a wide-ranging career, he was involved in the early development of railways and also worked as an engineer on a sugar plantation in Java. Since the launch and rise in popularity of the internet, he has been a staunch defender of net neutrality and digital rights. And in July and August 1858, the smell was so bad that it was termed ‘the Great Stink’. Toothbrushes using hog bristles were created in China between 600 and 900 AD. She was determined to save Ada Lovelace from taking after her husband, and so educated her in science and mathematics in the hope that this would protect her from any Byronic inheritances. The Arnold company of Kent built Benzes under licence from 1896 to 1898. If you are reading this article, you know how the story went from there. Lovelace’s work is considered instrumental to the programming languages we use today. She was determined to save Ada Lovelace from taking after her husband, and so educated her in science and mathematics in the hope that this would protect her from any Byronic inheritances. Image credits: steam locomotive; toothbrush; vaccine; train tracks; programming; thames; ipad. By 1991, Berners-Lee made this – now called the World Wide Web – publically available. It was clear that something had to be done, which is where Joseph Bazalgette came in. Known as the Otto cycle, or more informally “suck, squeeze, bang, blow”, it is the basis of how nearly every car engine works.

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