Locate the Niger river, the second great river of western Africa, on the map The control over the Niger meant the control over the land with rich resources The British had occupied a part of this legion called Nigeria, to get slaves for export to their plantations in America The British company took the initiative in the conquest of Nigeria. It ‘was the most profitable of France’s colonial possessions, providing her a vast market for French goods To the east of Algeria is Tunisia which was coveted by France, England and Italy According to an agreement in 1878, England gave France a free hand in Tunisia in return for British occupation of the island of Cyprus, and a few years later Tunisia became a French possession. Soon after, the United States recognized Panama as an independent state The government of Panama signed a new agreement with the United States according to which the amount of compensation remained the same but instead of the six mile wide canal zone, ten mile canal zone was granted to the United States. In fact, the scramble to grab the maximum of African territory in the shortest possible time was the result of these rivalries. So the Italians had to withdraw Italy made another attempt to conquer Abyssinia in 1935, before the Second World War Except for a brief period during those years, Ethiopia, except Eritrea, was able to maintain her independence. complex events in history, there was a confluence of political, economic, and The British conquest led to many changes in the Indian social and economic life. (Note: Upto Africa was already covered in previous [World History] Articles, you may start from Americas directly.) Most countries of Asia, including India, and Africa, and many other parts of the world were until recent years under the control of one imperialist country or another. The people’s loyalties were still to local princes as in feudal times, or to tribal chieftains. This ruined Indian handicraft industries. navigation in the world might be utilized, and from 30 to 36 months begin to After 1880, Germany also got very interested in possessions in Africa First she occupied an area called Togoland on the west coast; soon after, the Cameroons, a little farther south. We must remember, however, that occupation did not take place in the order described here. These were later occupied by England and Germany But the Africans rose in revolt again and again because the Germans had taken land from them without making any payment. As a result of this war, the southern half of Sakhalin was ceded to Japan. The empires acquired by the European nations were the largest in world history. Selling was made easier through political domination of these areas. Certainly, the dream of gold and Generally speaking, the first phase of imperialism and colonization came to an end by the close of the eighteenth century.

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