The farmers who had lost their homes and land usually headed west to California, where they heard rumors of agricultural jobs. In an attempt to end the Great Depression, the U.S. government took unprecedented direct action to help stimulate the economy.

Verarmte New Yorker stehen 1931 Schlange, um an kostenlose Kohle zu kommen. (3) The gold standard required foreign central banks to raise interest rates to counteract trade imbalances with the United States, depressing spending and investment in those countries. Zwei Tage nach Amtsantritt verordnete er sogenannte Bank-Feiertage: Nur die stärksten Institute durften nach gut einer Woche wieder öffnen, viele wurden unter staatliche Kuratel gestellt. The economic devastation of the Great Depression was made worse by environmental destruction. März 1933 gemeinsam zu Roosevelts Inaugurationsfeier. As a result, workers were laid off en masse. Masses and masses of people tried to sell their stock, but no one was buying.

Noch zwei Wochen vor dem Crash meinte der bekannte Yale-Ökonom Irving Fisher, "dass Aktienkurse, wie es scheint, ein dauerhaft hohes Niveau erreicht haben" - und ruinierte damit seinen Ruf.

Roosevelt Institute. Ben Bernanke, der US-Notenbankchef, hat die Zeit der Großen Depression so gründlich studiert wie kaum ein anderer. Wenige Tage nach dem New Yorker Börsencrash stieg er wieder in den Markt ein - doch die Aktienmärkte erreichten ihren Tiefpunkt erst drei Jahre später. Nearly three dozen countries retaliated, and imports fell from $7 billion in 1929 to just $2.5 billion in 1932. When there was a job opening, there were often literally a thousand people applying for the same job. He promised to create federal government programs to end the Great Depression. Within 100 days, he signed the New Deal into law, creating 42 new agencies throughout its lifetime. They were designed to create jobs, allow unionization, and provide unemployment insurance. It was marked by steep declines in industrial production and in prices (deflation), mass unemployment, banking panics, and sharp increases in rates of poverty and homelessness. "Tariff of 1930 (Smoot-Hawley Tariff)," Accessed April 22, 2020. Und sie konnten teilhaben an den technischen Errungenschaften: Zwei Monatslöhne reichten einem Arbeiter aus, um sich das Ford-Modell "Tin-Lizzy" leisten zu können. Weapons, artillery, ships, and airplanes were needed quickly. In the first 12 months afterward, private investments rose from $10.6 billion to $30.6 billion. There were other causes of the Great Depression, but these five factors are considered by more history and economics scholars as the most significant.

Since there was no way for a bank's clients to recover any of their savings once the bank had closed, those who didn't reach the bank in time also became bankrupt. The effects of the stock market crash rippled throughout the economy. They led to major governmental reforms and new federal programs; some, like Social Security, federal support of conservation tillage and sustainable agriculture, and federal deposit insurance, are still with us today.

Workers flood the streets in a panic following the Black Tuesday stock market crash on Wall Street, New York City, 1929. Sie verringern die Gefahr politischer Radikalisierung. Man glaubte tatsächlich, man könne die Turbulenzen auf die Danat-Bank begrenzen. Loose money supply and high levels of margin trading by investors helped to fuel an unprecedented increase in asset prices. Manche Anleger waren auch überzeugt, dass Rohstoffe immer knapper, begehrter und teurer würden und die Menschheit am Beginn eines langen "Super-Zyklus" stehe. Seeing a few banks close caused another panic across the country. Doch die große Katastrophe konnte noch einmal abgewendet werden, das Vertrauen der Bürger in das Finanzsystem war wiederhergestellt.

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