One of the great successes of the early American space program, Mariner 4 took the first photos of another planet from space. Then, about an hour later, a second burn sent the mission on its way to Mars. The body of the spacecraft had a width of 127 centimeters (4 feet, 2 inches) across the diagonal, and was 45.7 centimeters (1 foot, 6 inches high.

Mariner 4 rode to space aboard an Agena D rocket, launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station launch complex in Florida. The two-stage launch vehicle consisted of an Atlas D, number 288, and an Agena D, number 6932. Mariner 4 continued to perform experiments and send signals back to Earth until 21 December 1967. Today, it remains in orbit around the sun. 260.8 kilograms (118.3 pounds). A single course correction on Dec. 5, 1964, ensured that the spacecraft would fly between 5,000 and 6000 miles (8,000 and 9,660 kilometer… It was launched 28 November 1964 from Launch Complex 12 at the Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida. Power was supplied by four solar panels, each 176 centimeters (5 feet, 9.3 inches) long and 90 centimeters (2 feet, 11.4 inches) wide. Mariner 4 was a 260.68 kilogram (574.70 pounds) interplanetary spacecraft, controlled by radio signals from Earth. The final contact with the probe occurred on 21 December 1967. Mariner 4 was the first spacecraft to fly by Mars, and the first to return close-up images of the Red Planet. Mariner 4 was a 260.68 kilogram (574.70 pounds) interplanetary spacecraft, controlled by radio signals from Earth. 5.6 million bits of data were received. The launch vehicle was … One of the great successes of the early American space program, the Mariner 4 mission journeyed to Mars -- making its closest approach on July 15, 1965 -- and took the first photos of …

This engine was capable of being restarted in orbit. At 15:02:53, a one minute, 35 second burn placed the vehicle into a Mars Transfer Orbit. The single engine was a Bell Aerosystems Company LR81-BA-11, with 16,000 pounds of thrust (71.1 kilonewtons). It was launched 28 November 1964 from Launch Complex 12 at the Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida. Mariner then went into cruise mode. The panels had 28,224 individual solar cells capable of producing 310 watts at Mars. It came within 6,118 miles (9,846 kilometers) of the surface and took 21 full digital images and a portion of a 22nd.

Mariner 3 was launched on November 5, 1964, but the shroud encasing the spacecraft atop its rocket failed to open properly, and Mariner 3 did not get to Mars.
14 July 1965: At 0:00:57 p.m., Eastern Standard Time (01:00:57 UTC), 7 months, 14 days after its launch from the Kennedy Space Center, the space probe Mariner 4 made its closest approach to Mars. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 27 October 1961: 15:06:04 UTC, T minus Zero, National Museum of the United States Air Force, Test & Research Pilots, Flight Test Engineers. The rocket was fueled by a highly-refined kerosene, RP-1, with liquid oxygen as the oxidizer. When ready for launch it weighed approximately 260,000 pounds (117,934 kilograms). Two Rocketdyne LR89-NA-5 engines and one LR105-NA-5 produced 341,140 pounds (1,517.466 kilonewtons) of thrust. It was developed from a U.S. Air Force SM-65 Atlas D intercontinental ballistic missile, modified for use as an orbital launch vehicle. NASA’s Mariner 4 spacecraft lifts off Launch Pad 12 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station atop an Atlas Agena rocket on Nov. 28, 1964. The LV-3 was 65 feet (19.812 meters) long from the base to the adapter section, and the tank section is 10 feet (3.038 meters) in diameter. Mariner 4 made its closest approach to Mars, 9,846 kilometers (6,118 miles) on 15 July 1965. 28 November 1964, 14:22:01.309 UTC: Mariner 4, a space probe designed and built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), lifted off from Launch Complex 12 at the Cape Kennedy Air Force Station, Cape Kennedy, Florida. Liftoff was flawless and a few minutes later, the thrusters fired to put the spacecraft into a parking orbit high above Earth. Using a new all-metal shroud, the spacecraft lifted off without any problems and was successfully boosted towards Mars by the Agena D upper stage. Mariner 4 overall height, including the mast, was 289 centimeters. Mariner 4 was the first spacecraft to obtain and transmit close range images of Mars.
The Mariner 4/Agena D separated from the first stage Atlas booster at 14:27:23 UTC. Mariner 4 separated from the Agena D at 15:07:09 UTC. Three weeks later, on November 28, 1964, Mariner 4 was launched successfully on an eight-month voyage to the red planet. The launch vehicle was a three-stage liquid-fueled Atlas D/Agena rocket. The complete Atlas-Agena D orbital launch vehicle is 93 feet (28.436 meters) tall. After its launch on November 28, 1964 and a journey of hundreds of millions of kilometers, Mariner 4 passed within 9844 kilometers of Mars on July 14, 1965. The images show lunar-type impact craters, some of them touched with frost in the chill Martian evening. At that time, it was 192,100,000 miles (309,154,982.4 kilometers) from home. The second stage was an Agena D, built by Lockheed Missiles and Space Systems, Sunnyvale, California. After an eight-month voyage to Mars, Mariner 4 makes the first flyby of the red planet, becoming the first spacecraft to take close-up photographs of another planet. These images were stored on magnetic tape and later transmitted to Earth. The Atlas’ three engines were built by the Rocketdyne Division of North American Aviation, Inc., at Canoga Park, California. A 2 minute, 24 second burn placed the Mariner/Agena in an Earth orbit. The rocket, a “1-½ stage” liquid-fueled Atlas LV-3, number 228, was built by the Convair Division of General Dynamics at San Diego, California.

It was also liquid fueled, but used a hypergolic mixture of nitric acid and UDMH. The Agena D was 20 feet, 6 inches (6.299 meters) long and had a maximum diameter of 5 feet, 0 inches (1.524 meters). The Mariner 4 mission, the second of two Mars flyby attempts launched in 1964 by NASA, was one of the great early successes of the agency, and indeed the Space Age, returning the very first photos of another planet from deep space. The mission of Mariner 4 was to “fly by” Mars to take photographic images and gather scientific data, then relay this to tracking stations on Earth. The spacecraft carried an imaging system, cosmic dust detector, cosmic-ray telescope, magnetometer, radiation detector, solar plasma probe and an occultation experiment.

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