It was known that the Challenger with its crew of seven blew up about 73 seconds after lift-off. James M. Beggs, the Administrator, has taken a leave of absence to combat fraud charges, but since the accident the White House has pressed him to resign so that the power vacuum at NASA can be filled. Astronauts inside activated their emergency oxygen supply, an evidence they were still alive On January 28, 1986, STS-51-L launched with Astronauts Dick Scobee, Michael J. Smith, Ellison Onizuka, Judy Resnik, Ronald McNair, Christa McAuliffe, and … Last year NASA admonished the Lockheed Space Operations Company, which has the shuttle processing contract, to ''tighten up'' and improve its quality-control procedures. Other factors that could have a bearing on the explosion also came to light. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. In 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded upon launch, killing the seven crew members on board. But last week the investigation into the explosion of the Challenger was only beginning. The panel's members addressed officials of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration with respect, but quickly asserted their independence with pointed questions about pre-launching procedures and conditions and about some of the shuttle's suspect systems. Such questions have not yet been answered. Was the plume or something else the precursor to catastrophe? NASA can look forward to no dramatic achievement to help restore public confidence. Although NASA insisted that safety had never been compromised, attention was drawn to an epidemic of accidents and poor performance by workers responsible for servicing the shuttles. The plume appeared to be near one of the sealed joints. A few seconds before the explosion, videotapes released by NASA showed, an abnormal plume of fire and smoke was seen spewing from the lower section of the shuttle's right solid-fuel rocket. Challenger broke apart when a ruptured solid-fuel booster rocket triggered the explosion of the ship's external fuel tank. On one level, the search was for the specific cause. Dredging up past NASA and contractor shortcomings is likely to become widespread as the Presidential Commission and eventually Congress get deeper into the investigation. Think again. At least they had not reported any findings - even to the Presidential Commission. The memorial services were over and flags were raised again to the top of the staff. Michael Hindes of West Springfield, Mass. Think you've seen every photo of the 1986 Challenger space shuttle disaster? Having a caretaker leadership will probably not make NASA's task any easier. The agency rebounded then with the successful moon landings. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. The agency has more ambitious dreams, but it has yet to generate much enthusiasm for building a permanent space station, despite President Reagan's endorsement. Instead, its immediate goals were the dollars-and-cents matters of improving the frequency and economics of shuttle flights. The tone was set at the opening hearing of the Presidential Commission on the Challenger Space Shuttle Accident. See the article in its original context from. Space agency witnesses appeared to be unprepared for such interrogation. Space agency engineers warned last year that seals on the solid-rocket boosters might break and cause an explosion, according to documents from NASA's own files. The questions raised, however, were likely to trigger a reappraisal of the entire American space endeavor. By John Noble Wilford. But this time it may be harder - and perhaps more crucial - to polish up the agency's image. The intact Challenger cabin plunge into the ocean. But it was disclosed in the commission hearing that NASA officials did discuss the possible effect of cold weather on the rockets in telephone conversations with Morton Thiokol engineers the night before lift-off. Their own preliminary inquiry, begun immediately after the explosion Jan. 28, had so far not produced any clear results. NASA said the contractor recommended going ahead. There was concern that subfreezing temperatures might cause seals joining rocket segments to leak gases, and unconfirmed reports told of a drop in rocket pressure before the explosion. NASA was put through a similar wringer after the fatal Apollo fire in 1967. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. Several times, before deliberations moved behind closed doors, commission members were reduced to asking questions based not on the sparse official accounts, but on speculation raised in the news media. Space Shuttle Challenger (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-099) was the second orbiter of NASA's Space Shuttle program to be put into service, after Columbia. It was not clear whether Mr. Smith was speaking from some knowledge of substantial progress in the investigation or whether he was simply seeking to restore morale among people who had known so many successes but now were wondering when they would launch again. The Challenger's payload, for example, was the heaviest ever carried by a shuttle. The White House ordered the investigators to report on their findings within 120 days. Other causes could have been human error, structural defects, intolerable vibrations or a combination of these and other factors. The Challenger crewmember remains are being transferred from 7 hearse vehicles to a MAC C-141 transport plane at the Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility for transport to Dover Air Force Base, Delaware. And the shuttle itself had been modified with thinner fuel tanks and rockets in the interest of reducing weight so it could haul more cargo. In a pep talk to employees Friday, Richard G. Smith, director of the Kennedy Space Center, encouraged them to get on with the job of preparing the other shuttles for flight. No one is saying yet how long it could be before the three remaining shuttles are cleared to fly again. This is a digitized version of an article from The Times’s print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. The agency was under pressure from Congress, its customers and critics to make the shuttles more cost-effective. In newspaper accounts, Morton Thiokol Inc., the rocket manufacturer, was quoted as saying that the solid-fuel boosters were designed to tolerate temperatures as low as 40 degrees, but no lower.

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