On 12 March 2009, North Korea signed the Outer Space Treaty and the Registration Convention, after a previous declaration of preparations for a new satellite launch. [9] The first stage of the vehicle uses the Russian RD-151 engine, which is essentially the RD-191 de-powered to 170 tonnes-force (1.7 MN; 370,000 lbf)[17][18] from 190 tonnes. The site was not initially named but was later identified to be the Sohae Satellite Launching Ground by US officials. However, by the early 1990s the Tonghae site was reportedly expanded from 2 km to 9 km and the following infrastructure was added: a missile assembly facility, a fuel storage facility, a guidance and range control center, and tracking facilities. The base is located among hills close to the northern border with China. The Khrunichev-built first stage reportedly performed nominally,[22] and the second stage separation took place as expected,[26] but the payload fairing separation system malfunctioned and half of the satellite protective cover stayed bolted to the second stage. The Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground, also known as Musudan-ri,[1] is a rocket launching site in North Korea. The area was formerly known as Taep'o-dong (대포동) during the period when Korea was occupied by Japan, and the Taepodong rockets take their name from this. Western sources identified a building as a "high bay processing facility" which turned out to be the launch control centre when the site was visited by journalists. Diagnosing and correcting the problem were reported to require delaying the launch for at least four days. [citation needed] The launch came in the wake of news that North Korea had plans for a third nuclear test. The Republic of Korea government announced this would be the final flight attempt. The Paektusan-1 stood 22.5 metres (74 ft) tall, was 1.8 metres (6 ft) in diameter, and weighed about 21 tonnes. The launch was strongly condemned by the UN Security Council. [29] Sohae Satellite Launching Station (Korean: 서해위성발사장; Hanja: 西海衛星發射場; MR: Sŏhae Wisŏng Palsajang, also known as Tongch'ang-dong Space Launch Center and Pongdong-ri) is a rocket launching site in Tongch'ang-ri, Cholsan County, North Pyongan Province, North Korea. Previously, North Korea used a facility at Hwajin-ri (華進里), Pyongwon-kun, South Pyongan Province to test for anti-ship missiles and probably FROGs, surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) and other rockets. [8], The first launch of Kwangmyongsong-3 on 12 April 2012 failed. [29][30][31] On 7 December 2019, a satellite image obtained by CNN showed activity and the presence of a large shipping container at the facility's engine test stand, which observers said could indicate plans to resume testing engines which are used to power satellite launchers and intercontinental ballistic missiles. The facilities at Musudan-ri are modest, consisting of a launch pad at 40°51.342′N 129°39.948′E / 40.855700°N 129.665800°E / 40.855700; 129.665800. [2] Construction of the launch pad was completed in 1985. [1][2] The rocket launch failed, but on 12 December of the same year Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 was successfully launched and brought into Earth orbit. [20] The launch prompted South Korea and the United States to discuss the possibility of placing an advanced missile defence system in South Korea,[21][22] a move strongly opposed by both China and Russia.[20]. North Korea claimed their first satellite was successfully placed into orbit, but no independent sources have confirmed this. [24], In July 2018, North Korea began dismantling the Sohae Satellite Launching Station. [37][38][39][40] A launch countdown on 29 November was halted 17 minutes prior to launch due to an excessive electric current reading, indicating some type of electrical malfunction.
The first stage was a modified Russian Angara URM. South Korea has spent some KR₩ 500 billion (US$ 490 million) since 2002 on the project. A test took place in December 2019, which confirmed that the site was once again operational. Sohae Satellite Launching Station (Korean: 서해위성발사장; Hanja: 西海衛星發射場; MR: Sŏhae Wisŏng Palsajang, also known as Tongch'ang-dong Space Launch Center and Pongdong-ri) is a rocket launching site in Tongch'ang-ri, Cholsan County, North Pyongan Province, North Korea. The site is 45 km northeast of port city of Kimchaek and 45 kilometers (28 miles) from the town of Kilju (길주읍). On 1 December 2012, the Korean Central News Agency announced that a second version of Kwangmyongsong-3 was to be launched from Sohae between 10–22 December 2012. [17][18][19] A statement broadcast on Korean Central Television said that a new Earth observation satellite, Kwangmyongsong-4, had successfully been put into orbit less than 10 minutes after lift-off from the Sohae space centre in North Phyongan province. Korean ministry announced that the new adapters will be brought in from Russia in preparation for the launch. [10] The vehicle was unveiled at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Jeolla Province in October 2008.


It was the site for the 13 April 2012 launch of the North Korean satellite Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3, which was launched to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Kim Il-Sung. Naro-1 launched from the Naro Space Center, located 480 kilometers south of Seoul,[4], Launch of the third flight was postponed from its original launch date of late October to sometime in mid to late November due to a damaged rubber ring that caused a fuel leak. [25] Satellite images taken between 20 and 22 July showed the destruction of a rocket engine test stand used to develop liquid-fuel engines for ballistic missiles, space-launch vehicles and a rail-mounted processing building where space launch vehicles were assembled before being moved to the launch pad[26] Commercial satellite imagery from 3 August 2018 confirmed that additional dismantlement activities were taking place at Sohae as well, including the destruction of facility's vertical engine test stand and fuel/oxidizer bunkers. The first actual attempt to launch Naro-1 was conducted on 19 August 2009, but the launch was canceled seven minutes 56 seconds before launch.

[4] [45] [27] In September 2018, North Korean leader Kim Jung-Un and South Korean leader Moon Jae-In signed the "Pyongyang Joint Declaration of September 2018", which, among other things, pledged for North Korea to complete its dismantlement of Sohae and allow foreign experts to observe the dismantling of the missile engine testing site and a launch pad. The third launch of Naro-1 occurred one month after North Korea's successful December 2012 launch of their Unha-3[48] rocket developed with North Korean technology. During the early stage of construction, the site had an extremely rudimentary infrastructure, such as a few roads, a command bunker, a radar facility, and modest storage and support facilities.

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